Wine Information Council
18 october 2025
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Global burden of 292 causes of death in 204 countries and territories and 660 subnational locations, 1990–2023: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023

Background

Timely and comprehensive analyses of causes of death stratified by age, sex, and location are essential for shaping effective health policies aimed at reducing global mortality. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2023 provides cause-specific mortality estimates measured in counts, rates, and years of life lost (YLLs). GBD 2023 aimed to enhance our understanding of the relationship between age and cause of death by quantifying the probability of dying before age 70 years (70q0) and the mean age at death by cause and sex. This study enables comparisons of the impact of causes of death over time, offering a deeper understanding of how these causes affect global populations.

Methods

GBD 2023 produced estimates for 292 causes of death disaggregated by age-sex-location-year in 204 countries and territories and 660 subnational locations for each year from 1990 until 2023. We used a modelling tool developed for GBD, the Cause of Death Ensemble model (CODEm), to estimate cause-specific death rates for most causes. We computed YLLs as the product of the number of deaths for each cause-age-sex-location-year and the standard life expectancy at each age. Probability of death was calculated as the chance of dying from a given cause in a specific age period, for a specific population. Mean age at death was calculated by first assigning the midpoint age of each age group for every death, followed by computing the mean of all midpoint ages across all deaths attributed to a given cause. We used GBD death estimates to calculate the observed mean age at death and to model the expected mean age across causes, sexes, years, and locations. The expected mean age reflects the expected mean age at death for individuals within a population, based on global mortality rates and the population’s age structure. Comparatively, the observed mean age represents the actual mean age at death, influenced by all factors unique to a location-specific population, including its age structure. As part of the modelling process, uncertainty intervals (UIs) were generated using the 2·5th and 97·5th percentiles from a 250-draw distribution for each metric. Findings are reported as counts and age-standardised rates. Methodological improvements for cause-of-death estimates in GBD 2023 include a correction for the misclassification of deaths due to COVID-19, updates to the method used to estimate COVID-19, and updates to the CODEm modelling framework. This analysis used 55 761 data sources, including vital registration and verbal autopsy data as well as data from surveys, censuses, surveillance systems, and cancer registries, among others. For GBD 2023, there were 312 new country-years of vital registration cause-of-death data, 3 country-years of surveillance data, 51 country-years of verbal autopsy data, and 144 country-years of other data types that were added to those used in previous GBD rounds.

Findings

The initial years of the COVID-19 pandemic caused shifts in long-standing rankings of the leading causes of global deaths: it ranked as the number one age-standardised cause of death at Level 3 of the GBD cause classification hierarchy in 2021. By 2023, COVID-19 dropped to the 20th place among the leading global causes, returning the rankings of the leading two causes to those typical across the time series (ie, ischaemic heart disease and stroke). While ischaemic heart disease and stroke persist as leading causes of death, there has been progress in reducing their age-standardised mortality rates globally. Four other leading causes have also shown large declines in global age-standardised mortality rates across the study period: diarrhoeal diseases, tuberculosis, stomach cancer, and measles. Other causes of death showed disparate patterns between sexes, notably for deaths from conflict and terrorism in some locations. A large reduction in age-standardised rates of YLLs occurred for neonatal disorders. Despite this, neonatal disorders remained the leading cause of global YLLs over the period studied, except in 2021, when COVID-19 was temporarily the leading cause. Compared to 1990, there has been a considerable reduction in total YLLs in many vaccine-preventable diseases, most notably diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus, and measles. In addition, this study quantified the mean age at death for all-cause mortality and cause-specific mortality and found noticeable variation by sex and location. The global all-cause mean age at death increased from 46·8 years (95% UI 46·6–47·0) in 1990 to 63·4 years (63·1–63·7) in 2023. For males, mean age increased from 45·4 years (45·1–45·7) to 61·2 years (60·7–61·6), and for females it increased from 48·5 years (48·1–48·8) to 65·9 years (65·5–66·3), from 1990 to 2023. The highest all-cause mean age at death in 2023 was found in the high-income super-region, where the mean age for females reached 80·9 years (80·9–81·0) and for males 74·8 years (74·8–74·9). By comparison, the lowest all-cause mean age at death occurred in sub-Saharan Africa, where it was 38·0 years (37·5–38·4) for females and 35·6 years (35·2–35·9) for males in 2023. Lastly, our study found that all-cause 70q0 decreased across each GBD super-region and region from 2000 to 2023, although with large variability between them. For females, we found that 70q0 notably increased from drug use disorders and conflict and terrorism. Leading causes that increased 70q0 for males also included drug use disorders, as well as diabetes. In sub-Saharan Africa, there was an increase in 70q0 for many non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Additionally, the mean age at death from NCDs was lower than the expected mean age at death for this super-region. By comparison, there was an increase in 70q0 for drug use disorders in the high-income super-region, which also had an observed mean age at death lower than the expected value.

Interpretation

We examined global mortality patterns over the past three decades, highlighting—with enhanced estimation methods—the impacts of major events such as the COVID-19 pandemic, in addition to broader trends such as increasing NCDs in low-income regions that reflect ongoing shifts in the global epidemiological transition. This study also delves into premature mortality patterns, exploring the interplay between age and causes of death and deepening our understanding of where targeted resources could be applied to further reduce preventable sources of mortality. We provide essential insights into global and regional health disparities, identifying locations in need of targeted interventions to address both communicable and non-communicable diseases. There is an ever-present need for strengthened health-care systems that are resilient to future pandemics and the shifting burden of disease, particularly among ageing populations in regions with high mortality rates. Robust estimates of causes of death are increasingly essential to inform health priorities and guide efforts toward achieving global health equity. The need for global collaboration to reduce preventable mortality is more important than ever, as shifting burdens of disease are affecting all nations, albeit at different paces and scales.

Funding

Gates Foundation.

Additional Info

  • Authors

    Naghavi Mohsen; Kyu Hmwe Hmwe; A Bhoomadevi; Aalipour Mohammad Amin; Aalruz Hasan; Ababneh Hazim S.; Abafita Bedru J.; Abaraogu Ukachukwu O.; Abbafati Cristiana; Abbasi Madineh; Abbaspour Faezeh; Abbastabar Hedayat; Abd Al Magied Abdallah H. A.; Abd ElHafeez Samar; Abdalla Ashraf Nabiel; Abdalla Mohammed Altigani; Abdallah Emad M.; Abdeeq Barkhad Aden; Abdel Razeq Nadin M. I.; Abdelgalil Ahmed Abdelrahman; Abdel-Hameed Reda; Abdelmasseh Michael; Abdelnabi Mahmoud; Abdel-Rahman Wael M.; Abdous Arman; Abdrabou Mostafa M.; Abdul Aziz Jeza Muhamad; Abdulah Deldar Morad; Abdullahi Auwal; Abdul-Rahman Toufik; Abebe Getahun Habtamu; Abedi Aidin; Abedi Armita; Abedi Parisa; Abejew Asrat Agalu; Abeldaño Zuñiga Roberto Ariel; Abid Shehab Uddin Al; Abidi Syed Hani; Abie Alemwork; Abiodun Olugbenga Olusola; Aboagye Richard Gyan; Abohashem Shady; Abolhassani Hassan; Abonie Ulric Sena; Abourashed Nagah M.; Abouzid Mohamed; Abramov Dmitry; Abreu Lucas Guimarães; Abtahi Dariush; Abu Farha Rana Kamal; Abuadas Fuad Hamdi A.; Abubakar Aminu Kende; Abu-Elala Nermeen; Abu-Gharbieh Eman; Abuhammad Sawsan; Abuhelwa Ahmad Y.; Abukhadijah Hana J.; Abu-Rmeileh Niveen M. E.; Aburuz Salahdein; Abushanab Dina; Accrombessi Manfred Mario Kokou; Acharya Anirudh Balakrishna; Acharya Apurba; Adal Ousman; Adams Lisa C.; Adamu Abdu A.; Addo Isaac Yeboah; Adeagbo Oluwafemi Atanda; Adebisi Tajudeen Adesanmi; Adedeji Isaac Akinkunmi; Adedokun Kamoru Ademola; Adegbile Oluwatobi E.; Adegoke Nurudeen A.; Adeleke Olumide Thomas; Adema Bulcha Guye; Aden Bashir; Adesina Isaac Ayodeji; Adesina Miracle Ayomikun; Adetunji Juliana Bunmi; Adewuyi Habeeb Omoponle; Adeyeoluwa Temitayo Esther; Adhana Mache Tsadik; Adhikary Ripon Kumar; Adiga Usha; Adl Parvar Tanin; Adnan Mohd; Adnani Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah; Adoma Prince Owusu; Adzigbli Leticia Akua; Adzrago David; Affinito Giuseppina; Afifi Ahmed M.; Afoakwah Clifford; Afolabi Aanuoluwapo Adeyimika; Afolabi Rotimi Felix; Afr ăs ânie Vlad-Adrian; Afzal Saira; Agafari Gizachew Beykaso; Agampodi Suneth Buddhika; Agampodi Thilini Chanchala; Aggarwal Navidha; Aghaalikhani Mahdi; Aghajanian Sepehr; Aghamir Seyed Mohammad Kazem; Agide Feleke Doyore; Agostinis Sobrinho César; Agrawal Anurag; Agyemang-Duah Williams; Ahadi Mahsa; Ahinkorah Bright Opoku; Ahmad Aqeel; Ahmad Danish; Ahmad Faisal; Ahmad Ijaz; Ahmad Khabir; Ahmad Khurshid; Ahmad Sajjad; Ahmad Tauseef; Ahmad Waqas; Ahmadi Negar Sadat; Ahmed Ali; Ahmed Ayman; Ahmed Gasha Salih; Ahmed Haroon; Ahmed Junaid; Ahmed Luai A.; Ahmed M. D. Faisal; Ahmed Mehrunnisha Sharif; Ahmed Meqdad Saleh; Ahmed Muktar Beshir; Ahmed Mushood; Ahmed Shabbir; Ahmed Sindew Mahmud; Ahmed Syed Anees; Aimagambetova Gulzhanat; Ajami Marjan; Aji Budi; Akbarialiabad Hossein; Akbarifard Saeid; Akeju Oluwasefunmi; Akhigbe Roland Eghoghosoa; Akhmedullin Ruslan; Akinkuotu Olufemi Ambrose; Akkaif Mohammed Ahmed; Akosile Wole; Akrami Ashley E.; Akyea Ralph Kwame; Al Amiry Alaa; Al Awaidy Salah; Al Hasan Syed Mahfuz; Al Homsi Ammar; Al Nawayseh Mohammad Khaled; Al Omari Omar; Al Ta'ani Zain; Al Thaher Yazan; Al Zaabi Omar Ali Mohammed; Al Zoubi Mohammad Ahmmad Mahmoud; Al-Abbadi Mousa Ali; Alalwan Tariq A.; Al-Aly Ziyad; Alam Khurshid; Alam Manjurul; Alam Mohammad Khursheed; Alam Mostafa; Al-Amer Rasmieh Mustafa; Alamrew Abebaw; Alansari Amani; Alanzi Turki M.; Al-Ashwal Fahmi Y.; Albashtawy Mohammed; Aldhaleei Wafa A.; Aldossary Mohammed S.; Aldridge Robert W.; Aleidi Shereen M.; Alemayehu Bezawit Abeje; Alemnew Fentahun; Alemu Melaku Birhanu; Alene Kefyalew Addis; Al-Eyadhy Ayman; Alfalki Ali M.; Algahtani Fahad D.; Algammal Abdelazeem M.; Al-Habbal Khairat; Alhaji Nma Bida; Al-Hajj Samar; Alhalaiqa Fadwa Naji; Al-Hanawi Mohammed Khaled; Alhasan Khalid A.; Alhumaidi Ashraf; Alhumaydhi Fahad A.; Ali Amjad; Ali Haroon Muhammad; Ali Irfan; Ali Liaqat; Ali Maratab; Ali Mohammad Daud; Ali Mohammed Usman; Ali Rafat; Ali Shahid; Ali Syed Shujait; Ali Waad; Alicandro Gianfranco; Al-Iede Montaha; Alif Sheikh Mohammad; Alinejad Rokny Hamid; Alipour Morteza; Al-Jabi Samah W.; Aljofan Mohamad; Aljohani Moath Saleh; Aljunid Syed Mohamed; Alkhatib Ahmad; Alkhawam Mustafa; Allebeck Peter; Allemailem Khaled S.; Allouh Mohammed Z.; Almagharbeh Wesam Taher; Al-Marwani Sabah; Almasri Nihad A.; Almazan Joseph Uy; Al-Mekhlafi Hesham M.; Almidani Omar; Almobayed Amr; Alnawafleh Khaldoon Aied; Alniss Hasan Yaser; Alocious Sukumar Margret Beaula; Alomari Mahmoud A.; Alosta Mohammad R.; Alqahtani Jaber S.; Alqahtani Saleh A.; Alqudimat Mohammad R.; Al-Qudimat Ahmad Rajeh; Alrimawi Intima; Alrousan Sahel Majed; Al-Sabah Salman Khalifah; Alsabri Mohammed A.; Altaany Zaid; Altaf Awais; Al-Tammemi Alaa B.; Al-Tawfiq Jaffar A.; Althobiani Malik A.; Altirkawi Khalid A.; Alvarez-Galvez Javier; Alvis-Guzman Nelson; Alvis-Zakzuk Nelson J.; Alwafi Hassan; Al-Wardat Mohammad; Al-Worafi Yaser Mohammed; Aly Hany; Alyahya Mohammad Sharif Ibrahim; Alzahrani Hosam; Alzoubi Karem H.; Al-Zubairi Adel Sharaf; Amafah Ekiyor Joseph; Amafah Joy; Amani-Beni Reza; Amer Faten; Amidi Bardia; Amin Amr; Amin Tarek Tawfik; Amindarolzarbi Alireza; Amini Saeed; Amini-Salehi Ehsan; Aminzare Majid; Amiri Sohrab; Amlag Joanne O.; Amugsi Dickson A.; Amusa Ganiyu Adeniyi; Anagnostakis Filippos; Ananda Roshan A.; Anaraki Nazanin; Ancuceanu Robert; Anderlini Deanna; Anderson David B.; Anh Nguyen Hoang; Anjorin Abdul-Azeez Adeyemi; Ankomah Samuel Egyakwa; Annadurai Kabilan; Ansari Sumbul; Ansari-Moghaddam Alireza; Antony Catherine M.; Antriyandarti Ernoiz; Anuoluwa Boluwatife Stephen; Anuoluwa Iyadunni Adesola; Anvari Saeid; Anwar Saleha; Anwar Sumadi Lukman; Anwer Razique; Anwer Shahnawaz; Anyasodor Anayochukwu Edward; Appiah Francis; Arab Juan Pablo; Arabi Hossein; Arabloo Jalal; Arafat Mosab; Araki Daniel T.; Aravkin Aleksandr Y.; Areda Demelash; Aregu Getnet Mesfin; Arias de la Torre Jorge; Arjmand Ghazal; Armocida Benedetta; Ärnlöv Johan; Arockiaraj Jesu; Arooj Mahwish; Artamonov Anton A.; Arumugam Ashokan; Arumuganainar Deepavalli; Aryal Umesh Raj; Aryntayeva Nurila; Asadi Anar Mahsa; Asaduzzaman Muhammad; Asdaq Syed Mohammed Basheeruddin; Asemahagn Mulusew Andualem A.; Asemu Mulu Tiruneh; Asgary Saeed; Asghari-Jafarabadi Mohammad; Ashraf Syed Amir; Ashraf Tahira; Ashrafi Mitra; Ashrafizadeh Milad; Asiamah-Asare Bernard Kwadwo Yeboah; Aslani Saeed; Asri Yuni; Assembekov Batyrbek; Athari Seyyed Shamsadin; Atreya Alok; Atta Julie Alaere; Atwan Zeenah A.; Aurangzeb Khursheed; Ausloos Marcel; Avan Abolfazl; Avelar Núbia Carelli Pereira; Awan Sana Javaid; Awotidebe Adedapo Wasiu; Ayana Lemessa Assefa A.; Ayatollahi Haleh; Ayipo Yusuf Oloruntoyin; Ayyoubzadeh Seyed Mohammad; Azadnajafabad Sina; Azadnia Arian; Azam James Mba; Azarboo Alireza; Azene Zelalem Nigussie; Azhar Gulrez Shah; Azimi Amirali; Azimi Farya; Aziz Mohd Yusmaidie; Aziz Sadat Abdulla; Azizan Amin; Azzam Ahmed Y.; Babu Giridhara Rathnaiah; Bae Youngoh; Bagga Arvind; Bagheri Nasser; Bagheri Sara; Baghizadeh Elahe; Baghizadeh Fereshteh; Baghizadeh Sana; Baghlaf Khlood K.; Bahmanziari Najmeh; Bai Ruhai; Baklola Mohamed Ibrahem; Bako Abdulaziz T.; Balcha Wondu Feyisa; Balkis Maher; Balmori-de-la-Miyar Jose; Balooch Hasankhani Mohammadreza; Baltatu Ovidiu Constantin; Bandyopadhyay Soham; Banik Palash Chandra; Barengo Noel C.; Barker-Collo Suzanne Lyn; Barqawi Hiba Jawdat; Barrow Amadou; Barteit Sandra; Barua Lingkan; Bashar M. D. Abu; Bashir Shahid; Basile Guido; Basri Rehana; Bassat Quique; Bastan Mohammad-Mahdi; Batiha Abdul-Monim; Batra Kavita; Bauckneht Matteo; Bayat Mahdis; Bayat Tork Mohammad Amin; Beaney Thomas; Bedi Neeraj; Beeraka Narasimha M.; Beghi Massimiliano; Behjati Jina; Bekele Bezawit K.; Belay Almaz Nibret; Belay Demeke Mesfin; Belayneh Asnake Gashaw; Belayneh Melesse; Belete Abel Cherkos; Belge Bilgin Gokce; Bello Muhammad Bashir; Bello Olorunjuwon Omolaja; Bello Umar Muhammad; Belo Luis; Beloukas Apostolos; Bendardaf Riyad; Bensenor Isabela M.; Bente Kamal Tune Samiun Nazrin; Bergami Maria; Berhie Alemshet Yirga; Berihun Abiye Assefa; Bermudez Amiel Nazer C.; Bernstein Robert S.; Bertolacci Gregory J.; Bertuccio Paola; Bettencourt Paulo J. G.; Bhadoria Ajeet Singh; Bhagavathula Akshaya Srikanth; Bhala Neeraj; Bhandari Buna; Bhangdia Kayleigh; Bhanushali Charmi; Bhardwaj Nikha; Bhardwaj Pankaj; Bhargava Ashish; Bhaskar Sonu; Bhat Anup; Bhattacharjee Priyadarshini; Bhattacharjee Shuvarthi; Bhatti Gurjit Kaur; Bhatti Jasvinder Singh; Bhuiyan Mohiuddin Ahmed; Bhutta Zulfiqar A.; Bhuyan Soumitra S.; Bi Haoran; Biadgilign Sibhatu Kassa; Bievel-Radulescu Raluca; Binsaleh Naif Kandash; Bisignano Catherine; Biswas Atanu; Biswas Bijit; Biswas Mohammad Shahangir; Bitar Ahmad Naoras; Bitew Molalegne; Bizzozero-Peroni Bruno; Bjørge Tone; Bodolica Virginia; Bogale Eyob Ketema; Bohn Lucimere; Bolarinwa Obasanjo Afolabi; Bolourinejad Paria; Bonny Aime; Boppana Sri Harsha; Borhany Hamed; Borran Mina; Bose Sudipta; Bosoka Samuel Adolf; Botero Carvajal Alejandro; Boufous Soufiane; Boxe Christopher; Braithwaite Dejana; Brant Luisa C.; Brauer Michael; Breitborde Nicholas J. K.; Breitner Susanne; Brenner Hermann; Brewer Edmond D.; Bringas Vega Maria L.; Brown Julie; Browne Annie J.; Brugha Traolach; Bugiardini Raffaele; Bulamu Norma B.; Bunare Tsion Samuel; Buonsenso Danilo; Burns Richard A.; Busari Akeem Olayinka; Busch Felix; Bustanji Yasser; Butt Nadeem Shafique; Butt Zahid A.; C J Sanjay; Cai Tianji; Cairns Rose; Çakmak Barsbay Mehtap; Calina Daniela; Cámera Luis Alberto; Campos Luciana Aparecida; Campos-Nonato Ismael; Cao Fan; Cao Si; Capodici Angelo; Cárdenas Rosario; Carreras Giulia; Carrero Juan Jesus; Carugno Andrea; Carvalho Andre F.; Carvalho Felix; Carvalho Márcia; Carvalho-e-Silva Ana Paula; Castaldelli-Maia Joao Mauricio; Castañeda-Orjuela Carlos A.; Castelpietra Giulio; Catalá-López Ferrán; Catapano Alberico L.; Cattaruzza Maria Sofia; Cegolon Luca; Cembranel Francieli; Cenderadewi Muthia; Cercy Kelly M.; Cerin Ester; Chacón-Uscamaita Pamela Roxana; Chakraborty Chiranjib; Chakraborty Sandip; Chandan Joht Singh; Chandika Rama Mohan; Chandradasa Miyuru; Chandrasekaran Baskaran; Chattu Vijay Kumar; Chatzimavridou-Grigoriadou Victoria; Chaudhary Anis Ahmad; Chaudhuri Sirshendu; Chaurasia Akhilanand; Chen An-Tian; Chen Catherine S.; Chen Guangjin; Chen Haiyan; Chen Hana; Chen Haowei; Chen Hui; Chen Rucheng; Chen Shanquan; Chen Simiao; Chen Xiang; Cheng Haojin; Cheung Ka Ching; Chew Nicholas W. S.; Chi Gerald; Chichagi Fatemeh; Chihara Izumi; Chimed-Ochir Odgerel; Ching Patrick R.; Chirinos-Caceres Jesus Lorenzo; Cho Daniel Youngwhan; Cho William C. S.; Chong Bryan; Chong Yuen Yu; Chou Hou In; Chowdhury Enayet Karim; Chowdhury Sreshtha; Christensen Hanne; Chuang Ting-Wu; Chukwu Isaac Sunday; Chung Erin; Chung Sheng-Chia; Chung Sunghyun; Chutiyami Muhammad; Cicero Arrigo Francesco Giuseppe; Clark Cain C. T.; Cohen Fred; Columbus Alyssa; Conde Joao; Congly Stephen E.; Conrad Nathalie; Cooper Leslie Trumbull; Corlateanu Alexandru; Cortese Samuele; Cortesi Paolo Angelo; Cosma Claudia; Cousin Ewerton; Cowart Emma Johnson; Criqui Michael H.; Crist Andrew; Cruz Jessica A.; Cruz-Martins Natalia; Cui Xiaolin; Culbreth Garland T.; Cullen Patricia; Cunningham Matthew; Dababo Nour; Dabbagh Ali; Dadras Omid; Dahiru Tukur; Dai Xiaochen; Dai Zhaoli; Dalakoti Mayank; Dalal Koustuv; Dalla Costa Gloria; D'Amico Emanuele; Daniel Roy Arokiam; D'Anna Lucio; Danpanichkul Pojsakorn; Danso Samuel E.; Darcho Samuel Demissie; Dardas Latefa Ali; Dare Chengetai; Darouei Bahar; Darvishi Cheshmeh Soltani Reza; Das Sayan Kumar; Dávila-Cervantes Claudio Alberto; Davis Weaver Nicole; Davletov Dimash; Davletov Kairat; De la Hoz Fernando Pio; de la Torre-Luque Alejandro; Dee Edward Christopher; Deekonda Sindhura; Deen Amanda; Degenhardt Louisa; Dehesh Paria; Delbari Pouria; Delgado-Ortiz Laura; Delsoz Mohammad; Demetriades Andreas K.; Denova-Gutiérrez Edgar; Derese Tadios Niguss; Dergaa Ismail; Deribe Kebede; Derseh Hunegnaw Almaw; Dervenis Nikolaos; Dervi šević Emina; Desai Hardik Dineshbhai; Desta Abraham Aregay; Devanbu Vinoth Gnana Chellaiyan; Devarakonda Pradeep Kumar; Dewan Syed Masudur Rahman; Dhali Arkadeep; Dhama Kuldeep; Dharmagadda Sreedhar; Dhimal Mandira Lamichhane; Dhimal Meghnath; Dhungel Bibha; Di Pumpo Marcello; Dias da Silva Diana; Diaz Daniel; Diaz Luis Antonio; Didehvar Kimia; Dilipan Elangovan; Dillard Lauren K.; Ding Xueting; Doaei Saeid; Dohare Sushil; Dokova Klara Georgieva; D'Oria Mario; Dorostkar Fariba; Dorsey E. Ray; Doshi Ojas Prakashbhai; Doshmangir Leila; Dowou Robert Kokou; Dresse Menayit Tamrat; Driscoll Tim Robert; Dsouza Ashel Chelsea; Du Jiang; Dube John; Dubno Judy R.; Dumbili Emeka W.; Dumith Samuel C.; Duncan Bruce B.; Duraes Andre Rodrigues; Durojaiye Oyewole Christopher; Dutta Ashit Kumar; Dutta Siddhartha; Dutta Sulagna; Ebohon Osamudiamen; Eboreime Ejemai; Ebraheim Lamiaa Labieb Mahmoud; Ebrahimi Alireza; Ebrahimi Mohammad Hossein; Ed-Dra Abdelaziz; Edvardsson David; Efendi Ferry; Eftekhari Behrad; Eghbali Foolad; Eighaei Sedeh Ashkan; Eikemo Terje Andreas; Eini Ebrahim; Ekholuenetale Michael; Ekundayo Temitope Cyrus; El Arab Rabie Adel; El Omri Abdelfatteh; El Sayed Zaki Maysaa; Eladl Mohamed Ahmed; Elahi Reza; El-Ashker Said; Elbeshbeishy Rana; Elemam Noha Mousaad; ElGohary Ghada Metwally Tawfik; Elhadi Muhammed; Elhoumed Mohamed; El-Huneidi Waseem; Elmeligy Omar Abdelsadek Abdou; Elmonem Mohamed A.; Elmorsi Rami; Elnaem Mohamed Hassan; Elnahas Gihan; Elshaer Mohammed; Elsohaby Ibrahim; Eltahawy Abdelgawad Salah; Emagneneh Tadele; Endriyas Misganu; Erkhembayar Ryenchindorj; Esezobor Christopher Imokhuede; Eshetu Derese; Eslami Majid; Eslami Narges; Esp írito Santo Rafaela Cavalheiro do; Estep Kara; Eyawo Oghenowede; Eze Ugochukwu Anthony; Ezenwankwo Elochukwu; Fadavian Heidar; Fagbamigbe Adeniyi Francis; Fagbule Omotayo Francis; Fahim Ayesha; Fahimi Saman; Fahira Aamir; Fakhradiyev Ildar Ravisovich; Fakhri-Demeshghieh Aliasghar; Falzone Luca; Fan Qiping; Farahmand Mohammad; Faramarzi Ali; Fareed Mohammad; Farhana Zaki; Faria Liliana; Farinha Carla Sofia e Sá; Faris MoezAlIslam Ezzat Mahmoud; Faro Andre; Farooq Syed Muhammad Yousaf; Farrokhpour Hossein; Farshad Fatemeh; Farsi Farima; Fasina Folorunso Oludayo; Fasina Modupe Margaret; Fatehizadeh Ali; Fathi Davood; Fatima Zareen; Fayaz Mohammad; Fazeli Pooria; Feigin Valery L.; Feizkhah Alireza; Fekadu Gelana; Fekadu Ginenus; Femoe Ulrich Membe; Ferdous Talukdar Raian; Fereshtehnejad Seyed-Mohammad; Fernandez-Jimenez Rodrigo; Ferrara Pietro; Ferrari Alize J.; Ferreira Nuno; Fetensa Getahun; Feyisa Bikila Regassa; Finnemore Alexander; Fiorilla Claudio; Fischer Florian; Fitriana Ida; Fogacci Federica; Folayan Morenike Oluwatoyin; Fomenkov Artem Alekseevich; Fonzo Marco; Force Lisa M.; Fortuna Daniela; Foschi Matteo; Fotouhi Maryam; Fowobaje Kayode Raphael; Franklin Richard Charles; Freitas Alberto; Fu Jinming; Fukumoto Takeshi; Fukunaga Ami; Fuller John E.; G Sridevi; Gaal Peter Andras; Gadanya Muktar A.; Gadeka Dominic Dormenyo; Gafane-Matemane Lebo Francina; Gajdács Márió; Galali Yaseen; Galiyeva Dinara; Gallus Silvano; Ganapathy Dhanraj; Ganesan Balasankar; Gangachannaiah Shivaprakash; Gao Xiang; Gao Yijie; Garba Bashiru; Garcia-Argibay Miguel; Garcia-Azorin David; Gardner William M.; Gastélum Espinoza Wendy Paola; Gatzioufas Zisis; Gautam Prem; Gautam Rupesh K.; Gaye Bamba; Ge Hong-Han; Gebre Feven Sahle; Gebregergis Miglas Welay; Gebrehiwot Mesfin; Gelchu Miesa; Gelibter Stefano; George Nsikakabasi Samuel; Getacher Lemma; Getahun Genanew K.; Gete Kalab Yigermal; Gething Peter W.; Ghadiri Keyghobad; Ghadirian Fataneh; Ghaffari Jolfayi Amir; Ghamkhar Arin; Ghasemi Assl Shakiba; Ghassemi Fariba; Ghazy Ramy Mohamed; Ghoba Sama; Gholamalizadeh Maryam; Gholami Zainab; Gholizadeh Nasim; Ghorbani Zeinab; Ghotbi Elena; Ghuge Arun; Gialluisi Alessandro; Giannakis Konstantinos; Gilani Syed Abdullah; Gill Tiffany K.; Giri Bikash Ranjan; Girmay Alem Abera; Girombelli Alessandro; Göbölös Laszlo; Goel Anil Kumar; Goel Archit; Goel Rajesh Kumar; Goh Lay Hoon; Gohari Kimiya; Golechha Mahaveer; Golestani Ali; Golinelli Davide; Golmohammadi Melika; Gong Wenping; Goulart Alessandra C.; Grada Ayman; Graham Simon Matthew; Grivna Michal; Guan Shi-Yang; Guarducci Giovanni; Gubari Mohammed Ibrahim Mohialdeen; Gudeta Mesay Dechasa; Guha Avirup; Guicciardi Stefano; Gulati Sheffali; Gunturu Sasidhar; Guo Cui; Guo Xingzhi; Guo Zhaoyu; Guo Zhifeng; Gupta Bhawna; Gupta Gaurav; Gupta Lalit; Gupta Rajeev; Gutiérrez Reyna Alma; Gutiérrez-Murillo Roberth Steven; Guzman-Esquivel Jose; Habteyes Abrham Tesfaye; Habteyohannes Awoke Derbie; Hadaro Tesfahun Simon; Hadi Najah R.; Hadian Zahra; Hafiz Abdul; Hafsia Sarah; Haghdoost Faraidoon; Haghtalab Arian; Hai Nam Nguyen; Haile Addisalem; Haile Demewoz; Halder Pritam; Haller Sebastian; Halwani Rabih; Hama Aziz Kosar Hikmat; Hamad Islam M.; Hamadeh Randah R.; Hamidi Samer; Hamilton Erin B.; Hammoud Ahmad; Han Chieh; Han Hannah; Hanif Asif; Hanifi Nasrin; Hankey Graeme J.; Hanna Fahad; Haque Ashanul; Haque Md Nuruzzaman; Haque Obaid I.; Hargono Arief; Hariandja Andy Martahan Andreas; Haro Josep Maria; Harris Ashley Ann; Hasaballah Ahmed I.; Hasan Faizul; Hasan Md Kamrul; Hasan Towhid; Hasani Hamidreza; Hasanpour- Dehkordi Ali; Hashempur Mohammad Hashem; Hashim Nada Tawfig; Hasnain Ammarah; Hassan Abbas M.; Hassan Amr; Hassan Ibrahim Nagmeldin; Hassan Ikrama; Hassan Nageeb; Hassan Ahmed Omed; Hassan Wada Yusuf; Hassan Zadeh Tabatabaei Mahgol Sadat; Hassanipour Soheil; Hathagoda Lasanthi Wathsala; Haubold Johannes; Havmoeller Rasmus J.; Hay Simon I.; Hbid Youssef; He Jiawei; Hebert Jeffrey J.; Heidari Golnaz; Heidari Mohammad; Heydari Mojtaba; Hezam Kamal; Hiraike Yuta; Horita Nobuyuki; Hossain Alamgir; Hossain Lubna; Hossain Md Belal; Hossain Md Mahbub; Hossain Md Sabbir; Hossain Mohammad Bellal; Hosseini Fatemeh Sadat; Hosseinzadeh Mehdi; Hostiuc Mihaela; Hostiuc Sorin; Hotez Peter J.; Hotwani Priya; Hoven Hanno; Hu Chengxi; Hu Yifei; Huang Junjie; Huang Weijun; Huang Yefei; Huang Yuting; Huang Zhenyao; Huda Mega Hasanul; Humayun Ayesha; Husain Waqar; Hushmandi Kiavash; Hussain Javid; Hussein Nawfal R.; Husseiny Mohamed Ibrahim; Iannone Luigi Francesco; Ibitoye Segun Emmanuel; Ibrahim Khalid S.; Ibrahim Ramzi; Ibrahim Reem; Ibrahim Umar Idris; Ibrayeva Anel; Ida Fidelia; Ikuta Kevin S.; Ilesanmi Olayinka Stephen; Ilic Irena M.; Ilic Milena D.; Ilyas Muhammad Hamza; Imam Mohammad Tarique; Imani Masoud; Imoh Lucius Chidiebere; Inok Arit; Iqbal Meesha; Iqbal Mujahid; Irham Lalu Muhammad; Isa Mustafa Alhaji; Iskandar Benni; Iskander Teresa R.; Islam Md Rabiul; Islam Md Shahinul; Islam Md Shariful; Islam Sheikh Mohammed Shariful; Islami Farhad; Ismail Faisal; Ismail Nahlah Elkudssiah; Ismoldayev Yerlan; Isola Gaetano; Iwagami Masao; Iyamu Ihoghosa Osamuyi; J Vinothini; Jaafari Jalil; Jacob Louis; Jacobsen Kathryn H.; Jadidi Ali; Jadidi-Niaragh Farhad; Jafari Mohammadsadegh; Jafarinia Morteza; Jafarzadeh Abdollah; Jaffar Shabbar; Jahrami Haitham; Jairoun Ammar Abdulrahman; Jaiswal Vikash; Jaka Sanobar; Jakovljevic Mihajlo; Jalilzadeh Yengejeh Reza; Jalloh Mohamed; Jamal Armaan; Jamal Qazi Mohammad Sajid; Jamaluddin Jazlan; James Jerin; Jamil Hasan; Jamil Safayet; Jamora Roland Dominic G.; Jamshidi Masoud; JamshidiRastabi Shaghayegh; Janardhanan Rajiv; Jani Chinmay T.; Jarrahi Esmaeil; Javaheri Tahereh; Javaid Syed Sarmad; Javanmardi Anita; Javidnia Javad; Jawaid Talha; Jawell Odah Abed Qassim; Jayapal Sathish Kumar; Jayaram Shubha; Jayasinghe Ruwan Duminda; Jayasinghe Yovanthi Anurangi; Jee Sun Ha; Jeganathan Jayakumar; Jena Diptismita; Jeong Seogsong; Jeswani Bijay Mukesh; Jha Vivekanand; Ji John S.; Jiang Min; Jin Wenyi; Jomehzadeh Nabi; Jonas Jost B.; Joo Tamas; Jor Abu; Joseph Abel; Joseph Nitin; Joshi Meha; Joy George; Jozwiak Jacek Jerzy; Jürisson Mikk; K Vaishali; Kaambwa Billingsley; Kabir Ali; Kabir Zubair; Kadel Rajendra; Kadir Dler H. Hussein; Kakkar Ashish Kumar; Kakodkar Pradnya Vishal; Kalani Rizwan; Kalavani Khalil; Kaliyadan Feroze; Kalra Sanjay; Kamal Md Moustafa; Kamal Mehnaz; Kamarajah Sivesh Kathir; Kamath Rajesh; Kamenova Saltanat; Kamireddy Arun; Kamorudeen Ramat T.; Kamtam Devanish Narasimhasanth; Kamyari Naser; Kamyshnyi Oleksandr; Kanaan Mona; Kanaan Saddam Fuad; Kang Jiseung; Kanmodi Kehinde Kazeem; Kannan S Suthanthira; Kantar Rami S.; Kar Debasish; Kar Sujita Kumar; Karakasis Paschalis; Karami Jafar; Karasneh Reema A.; Karimi Mohammad Amin; Karimi Salah Eddin; Karimi Behnagh Arman; Karobari Mohmed Isaqali; Karpi ński Tomasz M.; Katamreddy Adarsh; Kauppila Joonas H.; Kaushal Kanica; Kazemi Foad; Kazemi Rad Nastaran; Kazemian Sina; Kebede Hafte Kahsay; Kebede Yabets Tesfaye; Keflie Tibebeselassie S.; Kempegowda Swetha N.; Kerai Salima; Kerr Jessica A.; Keshri Vikash Ranjan; Keshtkar Kamyab; Kesse-Guyot Emmanuelle; Khademi Reza; Khader Yousef Saleh; Khalid Sidra; Khalifa Hazim O.; Khalifeh Anas Husam; Khalil Anees Ahmed; Khalili Anita; Khalili Pantea; Khalilian Alireza; Khalili-Tanha Ghazaleh; khalis Mohamed; Khamesipour Faham; Khan Ajmal; Khan Fayaz; Khan Gulfaraz; Khan Iman Waheed; Khan Maseer; Khan Md Abdullah Saeed; Khan Mohammad Jobair; Khan Muhammad Hamza; Khan Muhammad Mueed; Khan Muhammad Umair; Khan Muhammad Umer; Khan Salman Ali; Khan Serab; Khan Sumaiya; Khan Ubaid; Khan Yusuf Saleem; Khan Zahid; Khanal Vishnu; Khanmohammadi Shaghayegh; Khasbage Sameer Uttamaro; Khashim Zenith; Khatab Khaled; Khatatbeh Haitham; Khatatbeh Moawiah Mohammad; Khatib Mahalaqua Nazli; Khatri Kavin; Khayat Kashani Hamid Reza; Kheirallah Khalid A.; Khokhar Sunil Kumar; Khoshnaw Najmaddin Salih Husen; Khosla Atulya Aman; Khosravi Ardeshir; Khosravi Farbod; Khosravi Sepehr; Khosrowjerdi Mahmood; Khuman P. Ratan; Kifle Zemene Demelash; Kim Hye Jun; Kim Jinho; Kim Kwanghyun; Kim Min Seo; Kim Yun Jin; Kimokoti Ruth W.; Kinati Tadele; Kinfu Yohannes; Kini B Sanjay; Kirk Mary; Kisa Adnan; Kisa Sezer; Kissimova-Skarbek Katarzyna; Kitaw Tegene Atamenta; Kivim äki Mika; Km Abdul Basith; Km Shivakumar; Knudsen Ann Kristin Skrindo; Kobyliak Nazarii; Kocarnik Jonathan M.; Kochhar Sonali; Kodali Prakash Babu; Kokkorakis Michail; Kolahi Ali-Asghar; Kolieghu Tcheumeni Diana Gladys; Kolves Kairi; Komesuor Joyce; Kompani Farzad; Kondybayeva Aida; Koomson Isaac; Koren Gerbrand; Kormoker Tapos; Korshunov Vladimir Andreevich; Korzh Oleksii; Kosen Soewarta; Kostev Karel; Koul Parvaiz A.; Kretchy Irene Akwo; Kretchy James-Paul; Krishan Kewal; Kua Chong-Han; Kuanar Ananya; Kuate Defo Barthelemy; Kuddus Mohammed; Kuitunen Ilari; Kulimbet Mukhtar; Kulshreshtha Shweta; Kumar Dewesh; Kumar Dhasarathi; Kumar Jogender; Kumar Kamal; Kumar Mukesh; Kumar Nitesh; Kumar Nithin; Kumar Tarun; Kumar Tushar; Kumar Vijay; Kumar Vikash; Kumaran Subramanian; Kunjavara Jibin; Kunutsor Setor K.; Kurmanova Almagul; Kurmi Om P.; Kurniasari Maria Dyah; Kurpad Krishna Prasad; Kusnali Asep; Kustanti Christina Yeni; Kusuma Dian; Kutluk Tezer; Kuttybayev Assylkhan; Kyei Evans F.; Kyei Grace Kwakyewaa; Kyei-Arthur Frank; Kytö Ville; L C Pallavi; La Vecchia Adriano; La Vecchia Carlo; Lachi Alessio; Ladan Muhammad Awwal; Lagat Abraham K.; Lahariya Chandrakant; Lai Daphne Teck Ching; Lakanova Balzhan; Lakhani Anita; Lallukka Tea; Lám Judit; Landires Iván; Langguth Berthold; Laplante-Lévesque Ariane; Lara-Castor Laura; Lasrado Savita; Latief Kamaluddin; Latif Areeba; Latif Mahrukh; Lau Jerrald; Lauriola Paolo; Lawan Aliyu; Lawanson Teniola; Lawford Harriet L. S.; Lazarus Eilean Rathinasamy; Le Dai Quang; Le Duc Tin; Le Thao Thi Thu; Ledda Caterina; Lee Ivan; Lee Paul H.; Lee Seung Won; Lee Yo Han; Leigh James; Leivaditis Vasileios; Lennon Matthew J.; Leonardi Matilde; Leong Elvynna; Letafatkar Negin; Li Chengfeng; Li Hui; Li Jiaying; Li Jie; Li Ming-Chieh; Li Si; Li Wei; Li Weilong; Li Zhaolong Adrian; Li Zhengrui; Lian Yanxue; Liao Chen; Lim Stephen S.; Lin Jialing; Lin Queran; Lin Shuzhi; Lindholm Daniel; Linehan Christine; Ling Yuewei; Linn Shai; Liu Haipeng; Liu Jue; Liu Xianliang; Liu Xiaofeng; Liu Xuefeng; Liu Zhe; Liu Zhenyu; Llanaj Erand; Loftus Michael J.; Lohner Valerie; López-Gil José Francisco; Lopukhov Platon D.; Lorkowski Stefan; Lozano Rafael; Luan Shanjie; Lubinda Jailos; Lucas Taraneh; Lucchetti Giancarlo; Lugo Alessandra; Lunevicius Raimundas; Luo Huaxia; Luo Lisha; Luo Susu; Lv Lei; Lytras Miltiadis D.; Lytvyak Ellina; Ma Kevin Sheng-Kai; Ma Zheng Feei; Maalman Raymond Saa-Eru; Maass Kelsey Lynn; Mabrok Mahmoud; Machairas Nikolaos; Machoy Monika; Madinezad Seyed Ataollah; Madureira-Carvalho Aurea Marilia; Maffia Pasquale; Mahalingam Sasikumar; Mahamed Samatar Abshir; Mahmood Nozad Hussein; Mahmood Shakeel Ahmed Ibne; Mahmoudi Alireza; Mai My Tra; Mai Xuan Hao; Maiti Rituparna; Majdan Marek; Makram Abdelrahman M.; Makram Omar M.; Malekpour Mohammad-Reza; Malekzadeh Reza; Malhotra Hardeep Singh; Malik Ahmad Azam; Malik Farihah; Malta Deborah Carvalho; Mangdow Mustapha; Manikkath Jyothsna; Manla Yosef; Mannan Fahmida; Mansoor Farheen; Mansourian Marjan; Mansournia Mohammad Ali; Mantovani Lorenzo Giovanni; Mao Changkun; Maqbool Tahir; Marasini Bishnu P.; Marateb Hamid Reza; Maravilla Joemer C.; Marques Adilson; Martinez-Guerra Bernardo Alfonso; Martinez-Piedra Ramon; Martini Daniela; Martini Santi; Martins-Melo Francisco Rogerlândio; Martorell Miquel; März Winfried; Marzo Roy Rillera; Marzouk Sammer; Mashudi Sugeng; Masi Stefano; Mathangasinghe Yasith; Mathieson Stephanie; Mathioudakis Alexander G.; Mathur Medha; Mathur Neeta; Mattiello Rita; Maude Richard James; Maulik Pallab K.; May Miranda L.; Mayeli Mahsa; Mazidi Mohsen; Mazzotti Antonio; Mbachu Ikechukwu Innocent; McKee Martin; McPhail Michael A.; McPhail Steven M.; Mediratta Rishi P.; Meena Jitendra; Mehari Medhin; Mehboob Riffat; Mehrotra Ravi; Mehta Vini; Mekene Meto Tesfahun; Meles Hadush Negash; Melese Addisu; Melwani Satish; Memetova Aishe; Mendoza Walter; Menezes Godfred Antony; Menezes Ritesh G.; Mengistie Emiru Ayalew; Mensah George A.; Meo Sultan Ayoub; Mercogliano Michelangelo; Meretoja Atte; Meretoja Tuomo J.; Mestrovic Tomislav; Mettananda Chamila Dinushi Kukulege; Mettananda Sachith; Metwally Mohamed M. M.; Mhlanga Adquate; Miazgowski Tomasz; Michalek Irmina Maria; Michelerio Andrea; Mideksa Hiwot Soboksa; Mihretie Kebadnew Mulatu; Miller Ted R.; Minervini Giuseppe; Ming Wai-kit; Mini G. K.; Mirghafourvand Mojgan; Mirica Andreea; Mirkheshti Alireza; Mirshahvalad Seyed Ali; Mirutse Mizan Kiros; Mirzaei Maryam; Mishra Archana; Mishra Ashim; Mishra Vinaytosh; Mitchell Philip B.; Mitra Sayan; Mittal Chaitanya; Mobayen Mohammadreza; Moberg Madeline E.; Modi Shivani; Mohamed Ahmed Ismail; Mohamed Heba M.; Mohamed Jama; Mohamed Mona Gamal; Mohamed Nouh Saad; Mohamed Ahmed Khabab Abbasher Hussien; Mohammad Taj; Mohammadi Abdolreza; Mohammadi Mohammad Reza; Mohammadian-Hafshejani Abdollah; Mohammadzadeh Ibrahim; Mohammed Abdulwase; Mohammed Ammas Siraj; Mohammed Hussen; Mohammed Omer; Mohammed Shafiu; Mohammed Suleiman; Mohammed Yahaya; Mohseni Mohammad; Mok Tsz-ngai; Mokari-Yamchi Amin; Mokdad Ali H.; Molinaro Sabrina; Mollaei Amirabbas; Momani Shaher; Monasta Lorenzo; Monazzami Amirabbas; Mondal Himel; Montalti Marco; Moradi Yousef; Moradi-Joo Mohammad; Moradi-Lakeh Maziar; Moraga Paula; Morawska Lidia; Moreira Rafael Silveira; Morsy Mahmoud M.; Mosaddeghi Heris Reza; Mosser Jonathan F.; Mossialos Elias; Motavvef Maha; Mougin Vincent; Mousavi Asma; Mousavi Seyede Zohre; Mousavi Khaneghah Amin; Mousavi Kiasary Seyed Mohamad Sadegh; Movo Amanda; Mowafy Hagar Lotfy; Mozahheb Yousefi Kimia; Mrejen Matías; Mubarak Rabia; Mubarik Sumaira; Mudenda Steward; Mughal Faraz; Muhammad Syed Aun; Muhtar Muhammad Solihuddin; Mujica Oscar J.; Mukherjee Sukhes; Mukherjee Sumoni; Mukhopadhyay Amartya; Muktadir M. A.; Mulatu Sileshi; Mulita Francesk; Mulugeta Chalie; Mulwa Damaris Felistus; Muñoz Laguna Javier; Munshi Anjana; Murillo-Zamora Efren; Mushtaq Ali; Mustapha Mubarak Taiwo; Muthu Sathish; Muthupandian Saravanan; Muvunyi Claude Mambo; Myung Woojae; Nabavi Amin; Naddafi Fatemehzahra; Nafei Ayoub; Nagarajan Ahamarshan Jayaraman; Naik Ganesh R.; Naik Gurudatta; Nainu Firzan; Nair Sanjeev; Najmuldeen Hastyar Hama Rashid; Nakhostin Ansari Noureddin; Nambi Gopal; Nanditha Ni Gusti Ayu; Nangia Vinay; Nansseu Jobert Richie; Naqid Ibrahim A.; Narayana Aparna Ichalangod; Nargus Shumaila; Narimani Davani Delaram; Nartey Yvonne; Nascimento Bruno Ramos; Nascimento Gustavo G.; Naser Abdallah Y.; Nashwan Abdulqadir J.; Nasiri Hamide; Nassar Mahmoud; Natto Zuhair S.; Nauman Javaid; Navaratna Samidi Nirasha Kumari; Nayak Biswa Prakash; Nayak Shalini Ganesh; Nayak Vinod C.; Naz Shumaila; Nazri-Panjaki Athare; Nchanji G. Takop; Nduaguba Sabina Onyinye; Nega Amanuel Tebabal; Negassa Meti T.; Negesse Chernet Tafere; Negoi Ionut; Negoi Ruxandra Irina; Negru Alina Gabriela; Nejjari Chakib; Nepal Samata; Nesbit Olivia D.; Netsere Henok Biresaw; Ng Marie; Nguefack-Tsague Georges; Ngunjiri Josephine W.; Nguyen Cuong Tat; Nguyen Dang; Nguyen Huong-Dung Thi; Nguyen Nghia Phu; Nguyen The Phuong; Nguyen Van Thanh; Ngwa Ambe Marius; Niazi Robina Khan; Nieddu Luciano; Nigatu Yeshambel T.; Nikoobar Ali; Niranjan Vikram; Nisro Abebe Melis; Nnaji Chukwudi A.; Nomura Shuhei; Noor Syed Toukir Ahmed; Noorafrooz Mohammadamin; Noreen Mamoona; Noroozi Masoud; Noubiap Jean Jacques; Nouri Mehran; Noyes Taylor; Nriagu Valentine C.; Nri-Ezedi Chisom Adaobi; Nshimiyimana Jean Claude; Nugen Fred; Nunemo Mengistu H.; Nurfatimah Nurfatimah; Nurrika Dieta; Nyadanu Sylvester Dodzi; Nyande Felix Kwasi; Oancea Bogdan; Odat Ramez M.; Oddi Fabio Massimo; Odetokun Ismail A.; Odukoya Oluwakemi Ololade; Oduro Joseph Kojo; Oduro Michael Safo; Ogundeko-Olugbami Oluwafunmilayo Tosin; Ogunkoya Abiola; Ogunmiluyi Oluwafunmbi Ebenezer; Oh In-Hwan; Oh Sarah; Okati-Aliabad Hassan; Okeke Sylvester Reuben; Okeke-Obayemi Deborah Oluwatosin; Okekunle Akinkunmi Paul; Okesanya Olalekan John; Okonji Osaretin Christabel; Ola Bolanle Adeyemi; Olabisi Oluwaseyi Isaiah; Olalusi Oladotun Victor; Olatubi Matthew Idowu; Oliveira Arão Belitardo; Oliveira Gláucia Maria Moraes; Olorukooba Abdulhakeem Abayomi; Oludoye Oluseye Olalekan; Olum Ronald; Olusanya Bolajoko Olubukunola; Olusanya Jacob Olusegun; Oluwole Oluwafemi G.; Omage Folorunsho Bright; Omer Goran Latif; Omonisi Abidemi E.; Ong Kanyin Liane; Onie Sandersan; Onwujekwe Obinna E.; Opesemowo Oluwaseyi Aina Gbolade; Opio John Nelson; Opitz Marcel; Oradova Aksoltan Shyhdurdyevna; Ordak Michal; Orish Verner N.; Ornello Raffaele; Orscelik Atakan; Ortiz Alberto; Ortiz-Prado Esteban; Osborne Augustus; Ostroff Samuel M.; Ostrominski John W.; Osuagwu Uchechukwu Levi; Osuolale Olayinka; Othman Elham H.; Otoiu Adrian; Oumer Abdu; Ouner Jerry John; Ouyahia Amel; Owolabi Mayowa O.; Owusu Irene Amoakoh; Oyebanji Oladayo Ayobami; Oyebola Kolapo; Oyelade Tope; Oyeniran Kehinde Adewole; Oyeyemi Oyetunde T.; Ozsahin Ilker; P A Mahesh; Pacheco-Barrios Kevin; Padron-Monedero Alicia; Padubidri Jagadish Rao; Paija Dimpal Manilal; Pak Anton; Pakbaz Yeganeh; Pal Pramod Kumar; Palicz Tamás; Palladino Raffaele; Paluvai Tejasri; Pan Feng; Panda Sujogya Kumar; Panda-Jonas Songhomitra; Pande Katare Deepshikha; Pandi-Perumal Seithikurippu R.; Pando-Robles Victoria; Pandya Apurvakumar; Pangaribuan Helena Ullyartha; Panos Georgios D.; Panos Leonidas D.; Pantazopoulos Ioannis; Pantea Stoian Anca; Paolino Giovanni; Papa Mario Virgilio; Papadimopoulos Ilias; Papadopoulou Paraskevi; Parhizkar Roudsari Peyvand; Parikh Romil R.; Park Chulwoo; Park Seoyeon; Parmar Arpit; Passera Roberto; Patel Jay; Patel Mitesh; Patel Neel Navinkumar; Patel Sangram Kishor; Patel Satyananda; Patil Bharat Smita Umakant; Patil Shankargouda; Patoulias Dimitrios; Patra Apurba; Patthipati Venkata Suresh; Pawar Shrikant; Pawar Shubhadarshini; Pazoki Toroudi Hamidreza; Pearce Neil; Peden Amy E.; Pedersini Paolo; Pekarcikova Jarmila; Penberthy Louise; Pepito Veincent Christian Filipino; Peprah Emmanuel K.; Peprah Prince; Perdigão João; Pereira Gavin; Perez Chacon Gladymar; Perianayagam Arokiasamy; Perico Norberto; Perna Simone; Pesudovs Konrad; Petakh Pavlo; Petcu Ionela-Roxana; Peter Olumuyiwa James; Petermann-Rocha Fanny Emily; Petri William A.; Pham Hoang Nhat; Pham Hoang Tran; Pham Tung Thanh; Philip Anil K.; Phillips Michael R.; Piracha Zahra Zahid; Pirera Edoardo; Piroozkhkah Moein; Pirouzpanah Saeed; Pisoni Enrico; Plotnikov Evgenii; Podder Indrashis; Poddighe Dimitri; Polibin Roman V.; Poluru Ramesh; Pon Avudaiappan Arjun; Ponkilainen Ville T.; Popa Ion; Popovic Djordje S.; Porntaveetus Thantrira; Pourasghary Sajjad; Pourbabaki Reza; Pourghazi Farzad; Pourtaheri Naeimeh; Prada Sergio I.; Pradhan Jalandhar; Pradipta Rifky Octavia; Prashant Akila; Prates Elton Junio Sady; Pritchett Natalie; Priya Harsh; Pugliese Nicola Riccardo; Puvvula Jagadeesh; Qasim Nameer Hashim; Qattea Ibrahim; Qi Xiang; Qi Zhipeng; Qiao Yanan; Quazi Zahiruddin Syed; Rabiee Navid; Rabiei Reza; Rachmat Basuki; Radhakrishnan Raghu Anekal; Radhakrishnan Venkatraman; Radoj čić Maja R.; Radpour Negar; Raeisi Shahraki Hadi; Rafati Lida; Rafique Ibrar; Raghuveer Pracheth; Rahim Fakher; Rahim Hawbash Mohammed-Amin; Rahimi Sajjad; Rahimi-Movaghar Vafa; Rahman Fryad Majeed; Rahman Mahbubur; Rahman Md Mosfequr; Rahman Mohammad Hifz Ur; Rahman Mohammad Meshbahur; Rahman Mosiur; Rahmani Amir Masoud; Rahmani Saeed; Rahmati Masoud; Rahmatpour Rokni Ghasem; Rahmoune Hakim; Raimondo Diego; Raimondo Ivano; Raina Sunil Kumar; Raj Jeffrey Pradeep; Raja Adarsh; Rajaa Sathish; Rajabi Erta; Rajendran Gunaseelan; Rajendran Judah; Rajendran Vinoth; Rajindrajith Shaman; Rajpoot Pushp Lata; Rajput Prashant; Ramadan Mahmoud Mohammed; Ramadan Majed; Ramadhan Kadar; Ramasamy Chitra; Ramasamy Shakthi Kumaran; Ramezani Zahra; Ramezani Farani Marzieh; Ram írez-Vélez Robinson; Rana Juwel; Rana Kirtan; Rana Shailendra Singh; Ranabhat Chhabi Lal; Rancic Nemanja; Rani Smitha; Ranjbar Noei Fatemeh; Rao Chythra R.; Rao Kumuda; Rao Mithun; Rasella Davide; Rashedi Sina; Rashedi Vahid; Rashid Mamunur; Rashidi Mohammad-Mahdi; Rasouli Mohammad Aziz; Rasouli-Saravani Ashkan; Rasul Azad; Rathish Devarajan; Rauf Abdur; Rauniyar Santosh Kumar; Rautalin Ilari; Ravangard Ramin; Rawaf David Laith; Rawal Lal; Rawassizadeh Reza; Razi Bahman; Reategui-Rivera C. Mahony; Redwan Elrashdy; Rehman Aqeeb Ur; Rehman Faizan Ur; Rehman Wajiha; Reifels Lennart; Reile Rainer; Remuzzi Giuseppe; Reshmi Bhageerathy; Restaino Stefano; Reyes Luis Felipe; Rezaei Mina; Rezaei Nazila; Rezaei Nima; Rezaeian Mohsen; Rezazadeh Eidgahi Donya; Rhee Taeho Gregory; Rias Yohanes Andy; Ribeiro Antonio Luiz P.; Ribeiro da Silva Tércia Moreira; Rickard Jennifer; Rizvi Moattar Raza; Robinson-Oden Hannah Elizabeth; Rocha Hermano Alexandre Lima; Rocha-Gomes João Rocha; Rodrigues Mónica; Rodrigues da Silva Thales Philipe; Rodriguez Jefferson Antonio Buendia; Roever Leonardo; Rohloff Peter; Rohmah Iftitakhur; Röhr Susanne; Rojas-Rueda David; Rolfzen Megan L.; Romadlon Debby Syahru; Romoli Michele; Ronfani Luca; Root Kevin T.; Rosenblad Emily; Roshanshad Amirhossein; Rostamian Morteza; Roth Gregory A.; Rotimi Kunle; Rout Himanshu Sekhar; Rouzbahani Hanieh; Rouzbahani Reza; Rowlands Jemma V.; Roy Adrija; Roy Bedanta; Roy Priyanka; Roy Sharmistha; Roy Shubhanjali; Roy Simanta; Royapuram Parthasarathy Parameswari; Rubagotti Enrico; Rumisha Susan Fred; Russo Michele; Rwegerera Godfrey Mutashambara; Saad Aly M. A.; Sabbatucci Michela; Saber-Ayad Maha Mohamed; Sabour Siamak; Sachdev Perminder S.; Sadat Rafiei Seyed Kiarash; Saddik Basema Ahmad; Sadee Bashdar Abuzed; Sadegh Tarannom; Sadeghi Ehsan; Sadeghi Erfan; Sadeghi-Ghyassi Fatemeh; Saeed Mohd; Saeed Umar; Saeedi Maryam; Safdarian Mahdi; Safi Sare; Safi Sher Zaman; Sagar Rajesh; Sagharichi Mastooreh; Saghazadeh Amene; Sagoe Dominic; Saha Indranil; Saha Nondo; Saheb Sharif-Askari Fatemeh; Saheb Sharif-Askari Narjes; Sahebkar Amirhossein; Sahu Kirti Sundar; Saif Zahra; Sajadi S. Mohammad; Sajib Md Refat Uz Zaman; Sajid Mirza Rizwan; Salabat Dorsa; Salamati Payman; Salaroli Luciane B.; Saleh Mohamed A.; Salehi Leili; Salehi Mahdi; Salem Marwa Rashad; Salem Mohammed Z. 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C.; Santric-Milicevic Milena M.; Sanyaolu Adekunle; Sao Jose Bruno Piassi; Sapkota Krishna Prasad; Saraswathy Sivan Yegnanarayana Iyer; Sarikhani Yaser; Sarma Hemen; Sarmadi Mohammad; Sarode Gargi Sachin; Sarode Sachin C.; Sartorius Benn; Sarveazad Arash; Sassano Michele; Sathya Narayanan Mukesh Kumar; Satpathy Maheswar; Sattarpour Reza; Sattin Davide; Savabi Far Mehrdad; Sawhney Monika; Saxena Sangeeta Gopal; Saya Ganesh Kumar; Sayeed Abu; Schinckus Christophe; Schmidt Jurgen Carlo; Schmidt Maria Inês; Schneider Rachel D.; Schuermans Art; Schumacher Austin E.; Schutte Aletta Elisabeth; Schwarz Ghil; Schwebel David C.; Schwendicke Falk; Sebastian Sneha Annie; Sedigh Amin; Seedat Soraya; Šekerija Mario; Selvamani Muthamizh; Selvaraj Vimalraj; Semenova Yuliya; Semreen Mohammad H.; Sendeku Fikadu Waltengus; Sengupta Pallav; Senol Yigit Can; Senthilkumaran Subramanian; Sepanlou Sadaf G.; Serv án-Mori Edson; Sethi Yashendra; Seyed Alshohadaei Seyed Mohammad; Seylani Allen; Sha'aban Abubakar; Shafie Mahan; Shafieioun Arezoo; Shaharudin Shazlin; Shahbaz Muhammad; Shahid Samiah; Shahid Syed Ahsan; Shahini Endrit; Shahrahmani Fatemeh; Shahsavari Hamid R.; Shahwan Moyad Jamal; Shaikh Masood Ali; Shakeri Alireza; Shakerimoghaddam Ali; Shalash Ali S.; Shamim Muhammad Aaqib; Shams Farzane; Shams-Beyranvand Mehran; Shamsi Anas; Shamsutdinova Alfiya; Shan Dan; Shan Shan; Shanawaz Mohd; Sharifan Amin; Sharifi Rad Javad; Sharma Avimanu; Sharma Bhoopesh Kumar; Sharma Bunty; Sharma Gaurav; Sharma Kamal; Sharma Kamlesh; Sharma Manoj; Sharma Ravi Kumar; Sharma Ujjawal; Sharma Vishal; Shastry Shamee; Shayan Maryam; Shehu Bappah Babangida; Sheida Fateme; Sheidaei Ali; Sheikhy Ali; Shenoy Rekha Raghuveer; Sherchan Samendra P.; Shetty B. 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Xia Zhijia; Xiao Guangqin; Xiao Lishun; Xiao Na; Xie Wanqing; Xu Site; Xu Suowen; Xu Xiaoyue; Xu Yvonne Yiru; Yadav Mukesh Kumar; Yadav Vikas; Yadollahi Mahnaz; Yahoo Saba; Yahya Galal; Yamagishi Kazumasa; Yan Guangcan; Yang Haibo; Yano Yuichiro; Yao Haiqiang; Yao Laiang; Yarahmadi Amir; Yaribeygi Habib; Yasin Haya; Yassin Mohamed A.; Yasufuku Yuichi; Yaya Sanni; Ye Pengpeng; Yeganeh Meghdad; Yekde ş Ali Cem; YektaKooshali Mohammad Hossein; Yergaliyev Kuanysh A.; Yesuf Subah Abderehim; Yezli Saber; Yi Siyan; Yin Dehui; Yip Paul; Yismaw Malede Berihun; Yismaw Yazachew Engida; Yon Dong Keon; Yonemoto Naohiro; Yoon Seok-Jun; Younis Mustafa Z.; Yousefi Saideh; Yousuf Abdilahi; Yu Chuanhua; Yu Yong; Yuan Hui; Yuh Faith H.; Yunus Ghazala; Yunusa Umar; Zadey Siddhesh; Zadnik Vesna; Zafar Mubashir; Zaghampour Manijeh; Zainal Abidin Emilia; Zakham Fathiah; Zaki Nazar; Zamagni Giulia; Zamora Nelson; Zandam Hussaini; Zangh ì Aurora; Zar Heather J.; Zarea Kourosh; Zawiah Mohammed; Zeariya Mohammed G. M.; Zenebe Abay Mulu; Zensen Sebastian; Zepro Nejimu Biza; Zeru Eyael M.; Zhan Tiansong; Zhan Yongle; Zhang Beijian; Zhang Casper J. P.; Zhang Haijun; Zhang Julio Min Fei; Zhang Kexin; Zhang Liqun; Zhang Meixin; Zhang Xiaoyi; Zhang Xiu-Hang; Zhang Yunquan; Zhang Zhiqiang; Zhangelova Sholpan Bolatovna; Zhao Hanqing; Zhao Jianhui; Zhao Jiefeng; Zhao Yang; Zhao Zhongyi; Zhong Anthony; Zhong Claire Chenwen; Zhou Jiayan; Zhou Juexiao; Zhu Bin; Zhumagaliuly Abzal; Zieli ńska Magdalena; Zoghi Ghazal; Zoromba Mohamed Ali; Zou Zhiyong; Zrieq Rafat Mohammad; Zuhlke Liesl J.; Zuhriyah Lilik; Zumla Alimuddin; Zyoud Ahed H.; Zyoud Sa'ed H.; Zyoud Shaher H.; Wool Eve E.; Murray Christopher J. L.

  • Issue

    Periodical: The Lancet - Volume: 406 - Number: 10513

  • Published Date

    18 october 2025

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