Elasticity of alcohol consumption, alcohol-relatet harms, and drinking initiation in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Aim: To systematically review research outlining the effects of price and taxation on alcohol consumption, alcohol-related harms, and drinking initiation in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC).

Design: The systematic review and meta-analyses were conducted according to internationally standardized protocols (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis; PRISMA). Data were collected up to June 2011 by searching the peer-reviewed article databases MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, and EconLit, along with the World Health Organization's gray literature Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, and by reference tracking. The meta-analyses were performed using random effects analysis, tests for publication bias, and sensitivity analyses.

Measures: Any type of association between alcohol price and/or taxation and alcohol consumption, alcohol-related harms, and alcohol drinking initiation in LMIC.

Findings: Our systematic search disclosed 12 studies that outlined an association between alcohol price or taxation and alcohol consumption in LMIC, while no articles were found that outlined a relationship between taxation and/or price and alcohol-related harms or drinking initiation in LMIC. The elasticity estimates were -0.64 (95% CI: -0.80 to -0.48) for total consumption of alcohol, -0.50 (95% CI: -0.78 to -0.21) for consumption of beer, and -0.79 (95% CI: -1.09 to -0.49) for consumption of other alcoholic beverages. Publication biasThe term “Publication bias” in a broader sense refers to a number of factors that suppress and d... did not significantly affect the estimated elasticities. Conclusion: Price elasticity of demand for alcohol in LMIC is similar to that found in high-income countries. There is an imperative need for research on the association between alcohol price or taxation and alcohol-related harms and drinking initiation in LMIC.